See cognom in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "cognom"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*ḱe",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱe#Proto-Indo-European:_here"
],
[
"*ḱóm",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱóm#Proto-Indo-European:_beside"
],
[
"*kom",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/kom#Proto-Italic:_with"
],
[
"*kom-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/kom-#Proto-Italic:_with"
],
[
"con-",
"con-#Latin"
],
[
"*h₁nómn̥",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁nómn̥"
],
[
"*nōmn̥",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/nōmn̥"
],
[
"nōmen",
"nomen#Latin"
],
[
"cōgnōmen",
"cognomen#Latin"
],
[
"cōgnōmen",
"cognomen#Latin"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": ":lbor",
"3": "la:cōgnōmen",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱe?\nProto-Indo-European *ḱóm\nProto-Italic *kom\nProto-Italic *kom-\nLatin con-\nProto-Indo-European *h₁nómn̥\nProto-Italic *nōmn̥\nLatin nōmen\nLatin cōgnōmenlbor.\nMiddle French cognom\n[Appendix:Glossary#learned_borrowing|Learned borrowing]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"with\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"with\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"beside\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"here\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ḱe\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ḱóm\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*kom\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*kom-\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"con-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₁nómn̥\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*nōmn̥\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"nōmen\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"cōgnōmen\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle French\", \"term\" : \"cognom\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"frm\" }\" data-lang=\"frm\" data-title=\"cognom\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "la",
"3": "cōgnōmen"
},
"expansion": "Learned borrowing from Latin cōgnōmen",
"name": "lbor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": ":lbor",
"3": "la:cōgnōmen",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱe?\nProto-Indo-European *ḱóm\nProto-Italic *kom\nProto-Italic *kom-\nLatin con-\nProto-Indo-European *h₁nómn̥\nProto-Italic *nōmn̥\nLatin nōmen\nLatin cōgnōmenlbor.\nMiddle French cognom",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱe?\nProto-Indo-European *ḱóm\nProto-Italic *kom\nProto-Italic *kom-\nLatin con-\nProto-Indo-European *h₁nómn̥\nProto-Italic *nōmn̥\nLatin nōmen\nLatin cōgnōmenlbor.\nMiddle French cognom\nLearned borrowing from Latin cōgnōmen.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cognoms",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"10": "{{{f}}}",
"11": "",
"12": "{{{f}}}s",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "cognoms",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{pl2}}}",
"9": "",
"f1accel-form": "p",
"g": "m",
"head": "",
"sort": "",
"var": ""
},
"expansion": "cognom m (plural cognoms)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "cognom m (plural cognoms)",
"name": "frm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle French entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle French entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
80,
86
]
],
"ref": "1579, Discours sur les medalles et graveures antiques, folios 80v–81r:",
"text": "L’inſcription de ceſte medalle eſt Lucius Titurius Sabinus, qui à raiſon de ſon cognom Sabinus, voulut bien la memoire du Roy Tatius Sabinus eſtre honoree.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cognomen"
],
"id": "en-cognom-frm-noun-ybE8nd7P",
"links": [
[
"cognomen",
"cognomen"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "cognom"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "cognom"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*ḱe",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱe#Proto-Indo-European:_here"
],
[
"*ḱóm",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱóm#Proto-Indo-European:_beside"
],
[
"*kom",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/kom#Proto-Italic:_with"
],
[
"*kom-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/kom-#Proto-Italic:_with"
],
[
"con-",
"con-#Latin"
],
[
"*h₁nómn̥",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁nómn̥"
],
[
"*nōmn̥",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/nōmn̥"
],
[
"nōmen",
"nomen#Latin"
],
[
"cōgnōmen",
"cognomen#Latin"
],
[
"cōgnōmen",
"cognomen#Latin"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": ":lbor",
"3": "la:cōgnōmen",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱe?\nProto-Indo-European *ḱóm\nProto-Italic *kom\nProto-Italic *kom-\nLatin con-\nProto-Indo-European *h₁nómn̥\nProto-Italic *nōmn̥\nLatin nōmen\nLatin cōgnōmenlbor.\nMiddle French cognom\n[Appendix:Glossary#learned_borrowing|Learned borrowing]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"with\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"with\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"beside\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"here\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ḱe\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ḱóm\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*kom\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*kom-\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"con-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₁nómn̥\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*nōmn̥\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"nōmen\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"cōgnōmen\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle French\", \"term\" : \"cognom\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"frm\" }\" data-lang=\"frm\" data-title=\"cognom\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "la",
"3": "cōgnōmen"
},
"expansion": "Learned borrowing from Latin cōgnōmen",
"name": "lbor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": ":lbor",
"3": "la:cōgnōmen",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱe?\nProto-Indo-European *ḱóm\nProto-Italic *kom\nProto-Italic *kom-\nLatin con-\nProto-Indo-European *h₁nómn̥\nProto-Italic *nōmn̥\nLatin nōmen\nLatin cōgnōmenlbor.\nMiddle French cognom",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱe?\nProto-Indo-European *ḱóm\nProto-Italic *kom\nProto-Italic *kom-\nLatin con-\nProto-Indo-European *h₁nómn̥\nProto-Italic *nōmn̥\nLatin nōmen\nLatin cōgnōmenlbor.\nMiddle French cognom\nLearned borrowing from Latin cōgnōmen.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cognoms",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"10": "{{{f}}}",
"11": "",
"12": "{{{f}}}s",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "cognoms",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{pl2}}}",
"9": "",
"f1accel-form": "p",
"g": "m",
"head": "",
"sort": "",
"var": ""
},
"expansion": "cognom m (plural cognoms)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "cognom m (plural cognoms)",
"name": "frm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle French countable nouns",
"Middle French entries with etymology trees",
"Middle French entries with etymon",
"Middle French entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle French learned borrowings from Latin",
"Middle French lemmas",
"Middle French masculine nouns",
"Middle French nouns",
"Middle French terms borrowed from Latin",
"Middle French terms derived from Latin",
"Middle French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle French terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Middle French terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *h₁nómn̥",
"Middle French terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *ḱe",
"Middle French terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *ḱóm",
"Middle French terms with quotations",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Requests for translations of Middle French quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
80,
86
]
],
"ref": "1579, Discours sur les medalles et graveures antiques, folios 80v–81r:",
"text": "L’inſcription de ceſte medalle eſt Lucius Titurius Sabinus, qui à raiſon de ſon cognom Sabinus, voulut bien la memoire du Roy Tatius Sabinus eſtre honoree.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cognomen"
],
"links": [
[
"cognomen",
"cognomen"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "cognom"
}
Download raw JSONL data for cognom meaning in Middle French (5.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle French dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-10-01 using wiktextract (f9fe161 and 6f96ddf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.